验船机构与船级社有什么不(bu)同？

　　安全是(shi)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)航行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)第一要求(qiu)。为此，世界(jie)上许多国(guo)(guo)家(jia)专(zhuan)门(men)有执(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)技(ji)术(shu)监督，制订船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)规(gui)范和规(gui)章，保障船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)具备安全航行(xing)(xing)技(ji)术(shu)条件(jian)的(de)(de)机(ji)构(gou)。世界(jie)上的(de)(de)验(yan)(yan)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)机(ji)构(gou)根据(ju)其性质分(fen)为两(liang)类(lei)：一类(lei)是(shi)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)验(yan)(yan)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)机(ji)构(gou)，另一类(lei)是(shi)民间组织(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)验(yan)(yan)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)机(ji)构(gou)。根据(ju)国(guo)(guo)家(jia)的(de)(de)性质不(bu)同，有些(xie)国(guo)(guo)家(jia)只有政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)验(yan)(yan)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)机(ji)构(gou)，有些(xie)国(guo)(guo)家(jia)既有政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)验(yan)(yan)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)机(ji)构(gou)又(you)有民间组织(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)验(yan)(yan)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)机(ji)构(gou)。政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)验(yan)(yan)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)机(ji)构(gou)直接对(dui)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)执(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)技(ji)术(shu)监督，签(qian)发(fa)有关(guan)国(guo)(guo)际公约(yue)规(gui)定的(de)(de)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)证书。民间组织(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)验(yan)(yan)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)机(ji)构(gou)经(jing)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)授权后可(ke)以代表国(guo)(guo)家(jia)签(qian)发(fa)有关(guan)国(guo)(guo)际公约(yue)规(gui)定的(de)(de)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)证书。民间组织(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)验(yan)(yan)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)机(ji)构(gou)办(ban)理(li)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)入级业务，仅设政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)验(yan)(yan)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)机(ji)构(gou)的(de)(de)国(guo)(guo)家(jia)所属验(yan)(yan)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)机(ji)构(gou)也办(ban)理(li)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)入级业务。

　　民(min)间组织的(de)验船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)机(ji)构一般称为船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)级(ji)(ji)社(she)(she)(she)。其主要任务是办(ban)(ban)理(li)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)(bo)登记、船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)(bo)技(ji)(ji)(ji)术(shu)检(jian)(jian)(jian)验和(he)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)(bo)入级(ji)(ji)，同时办(ban)(ban)理(li)公证检(jian)(jian)(jian)验业务。他们(men)从(cong)事科学研究、制订(ding)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)(bo)规范和(he)规则，通过对船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)用材料(liao)、机(ji)械(xie)设备(bei)、船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)(bo)制造的(de)技(ji)(ji)(ji)术(shu)检(jian)(jian)(jian)验和(he)对营运船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)(bo)进行(xing)(xing)定(ding)期的(de)检(jian)(jian)(jian)验，来(lai)保(bao)障(zhang)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)(bo)具备(bei)安(an)全航行(xing)(xing)的(de)技(ji)(ji)(ji)术(shu)条件。船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)级(ji)(ji)社(she)(she)(she)往往接受本(ben)国政府授权或委托，签发(fa)有(you)关国际公约规定(ding)的(de)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)(bo)证书。此(ci)外，有(you)的(de)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)级(ji)(ji)社(she)(she)(she)还(hai)办(ban)(ban)理(li)其他业务，如对民(min)用飞机(ji)执行(xing)(xing)技(ji)(ji)(ji)术(shu)检(jian)(jian)(jian)验，办(ban)(ban)理(li)飞机(ji)入级(ji)(ji)，对陆上工厂、海(hai)底(di)资源勘探开发(fa)固定(ding)设施等进行(xing)(xing)检(jian)(jian)(jian)验。世界(jie)上各大船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)级(ji)(ji)社(she)(she)(she)在大多(duo)数国家(jia)、地区的(de)港口均(jun)设有(you)办(ban)(ban)事处和(he)代理(li)机(ji)构并与许多(duo)国家(jia)的(de)验船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)机(ji)构订(ding)有(you)相互(hu)代理(li)验船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)协议(yi)。