锂(li)(li)电池作为9类危(wei)险货物,国际出口必须严格按(an)照法律法规执行操(cao)作,一(yi)定要(yao)重视锂(li)(li)电池的合(he)规合(he)法运输。
锂电(dian)池(chi)(chi)是一类由(you)锂金(jin)属或锂合金(jin)为负极(ji)材料、使用非水电(dian)解质溶液的电(dian)池(chi)(chi)。可简单分为两类:锂金(jin)属电(dian)池(chi)(chi)(例如,纽扣电(dian)池(chi)(chi))和(he)锂离子电(dian)池(chi)(chi)(例如,手机电(dian)池(chi)(chi))。
锂电池的(de)危险性和其特性有关
锂电池(chi)中电解液(ye)的有机溶剂往往是(shi)易燃液(ye)体或者(zhe)可燃液(ye)体,如碳(tan)酸亚乙烯酯等(deng)。
锂(li)电池中阻断正负(fu)极接触的隔膜(mo),如果设计有(you)缺陷(xian)发(fa)生熔断就会引起爆(bao)炸(zha),如某著名(ming)品牌被全球召回的手机就是该(gai)原因。
电池的外壳(qiao)(qiao)如(ru)果是软壳(qiao)(qiao)可能保护不够,如(ru)果是钢壳(qiao)(qiao)发生排(pai)气(qi)故障(zhang)也会导致爆炸。
此(ci)外(wai)还有过充(chong)过放等问题导致高温、冒烟、燃烧、爆炸(zha)等。
空(kong)运(yun)(yun)锂(li)(li)电(dian)(dian)池货(huo)物安全(quan)(quan)运(yun)(yun)输(shu)(shu)要(yao)(yao)求锂(li)(li)电(dian)(dian)池是第9类杂项危险品!国(guo)际上许(xu)多机构(gou)如联合国(guo)(UN)、国(guo)际民(min)航(hang)(hang)组织(ICAO)、国(guo)际航(hang)(hang)空(kong)运(yun)(yun)输(shu)(shu)协会(IATA)、国(guo)际海事(shi)组织(IMO)、欧洲陆运(yun)(yun)协会(ADR)等(deng),均对(dui)锂(li)(li)电(dian)(dian)池安全(quan)(quan)运(yun)(yun)输(shu)(shu)作出明(ming)确要(yao)(yao)求。其中,锂(li)(li)电(dian)(dian)池航(hang)(hang)空(kong)运(yun)(yun)输(shu)(shu)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)遵循依据为国(guo)际民(min)航(hang)(hang)组织《危险品航(hang)(hang)空(kong)安全(quan)(quan)运(yun)(yun)输(shu)(shu)技术细则(ze)》和(he)我(wo)国(guo)《锂(li)(li)电(dian)(dian)池航(hang)(hang)空(kong)运(yun)(yun)输(shu)(shu)规范》(MH/T1020-2018)。
1、联合国(guo)编号和运输专用名称
a) UN3480,锂离子电池(lithium ion batteries);
b)UN3481,锂离子(zi)电池与设备包装在(zai)一起(lithium ion batteries packed with equipment);
c)UN3481,锂离(li)子电池(chi)安装在设备中(lithium ion batteries contained in equipment);
d)UN3090,锂金属电池(lithium metal batteries);
e)UN3091,锂金属电(dian)池与设备包装在一起(lithium metal batteries packed with equipment);
f) UN3091,锂金(jin)属电(dian)池安装在设备中(lithium metal batteries contained in equipment)。
聚海(hai)供应链温馨提(ti)示:运(yun)输(shu)专用(yong)名称中的“设备”是指(zhi)由(you)锂电(dian)(dian)(dian)池芯(xin)或锂电(dian)(dian)(dian)池提(ti)供运(yun)行电(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)的装置,完全由(you)锂电(dian)(dian)(dian)池驱动(dong)的车(che)辆(如电(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)自行车(che)、电(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)轮椅、平衡(heng)车(che))应按UN3171“电(dian)(dian)(dian)池供电(dian)(dian)(dian)车(che)辆”办理(li)运(yun)输(shu)。
2、锂电池须通过UN 38.3测试(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)要求除试(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)验(yan)样品外,任何一种型号的锂电池芯或锂电池在交(jiao)付(fu)航空运输前,均应通过联合国《关于危险货物(wu)运输的建议书(shu)-试(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)验(yan)和标准手(shou)册》第Ⅲ部分(fen)38.3节要求的系列测试(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(高(gao)度(du)模(mo)拟、高(gao)低温循环(huan)、振动(dong)试(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)验(yan)、冲(chong)击试(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)验(yan)、55℃外短路(lu)、撞击试(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)验(yan)、过充电试(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)验(yan)、强制放电试(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)验(yan)等),并提供UN38.3试(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)验(yan)概要,2020年1月1日起(qi)强制执行(xing)。
聚(ju)海供应(ying)链温(wen)馨提示:UN38.3试验概要应(ying)有(you)具备(bei)资质的检验机构、检测(ce)机构出具,建议(yi)资质以取得CNAS资质证书(shu)为(wei)主。
3、应使用符合要求的危险货物包(bao)装
电(dian)池芯(xin)和电(dian)池必(bi)须(xu)放置于可(ke)将其完全封闭(bi)的内包装(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)中,再放入坚(jian)固(gu)硬(ying)质外(wai)包装(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang),每个包装(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)件(jian)必(bi)须(xu)能承(cheng)受任意方向的1.2米跌落试验。标注(zhu)(UN 3480, PI965 Section IA or IB)的锂电(dian)池和锂金属电(dian)池(UN 3090, PI968 Section IA or IB)不允许(xu)与(yu)第1类(lei)爆炸物(wu)质、第2.1类(lei)易燃(ran)气(qi)体、第3类(lei)易燃(ran)液体、第4.1类(lei)易燃(ran)固(gu)体、第5.1类(lei)氧化(hua)剂等危险品货物(wu)包装(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)在同一个外(wai)包装(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)中。具体按照(zhao)《危险品航空安全运输技术细则》965-970项执行。
温馨提示:根据《空(kong)(kong)(kong)运(yun)进出(chu)口(kou)危(wei)险(xian)货物包装检验管理办法(fa)(试行)》,空(kong)(kong)(kong)运(yun)出(chu)口(kou)危(wei)险(xian)货物包装容器的使(shi)用(yong)单(dan)位应逐批(pi)向海关(guan)申请(qing)空(kong)(kong)(kong)运(yun)出(chu)口(kou)危(wei)险(xian)货物包装使(shi)用(yong)鉴定,航空(kong)(kong)(kong)货运(yun)部(bu)门凭海关(guan)出(chu)具的《使(shi)用(yong)鉴定结果单(dan)》(正本(ben))承(cheng)运(yun)。
4、加贴锂电(dian)池标(biao)记(ji)和(he)标(biao)签
锂电池9类(lei)标签
锂电池标(biao)记(ji)
仅限(xian)货机运输标签
聚(ju)海供应(ying)链(lian)温馨提示(shi): 2019年(nian)1月1日起必须使用新版锂电(dian)池(chi)(chi)标(biao)签(qian)和第(di)九类锂电(dian)池(chi)(chi)危险(xian)品(pin)标(biao)签(qian),旧的(de)锂电(dian)池(chi)(chi)操作(zuo)标(biao)签(qian)作(zuo)废。
5应采取措(cuo)施(shi)保护电(dian)池芯和(he)电(dian)池防止发(fa)生短路(lu)(包括防止在同一包装内与导电(dian)材料接触,导致发(fa)生短路(lu));必须采取防意(yi)外启(qi)动措(cuo)施(shi)。
6被制(zhi)造(zao)商识别(bie)为存在安全(quan)缺陷或已(yi)经损坏,有可(ke)能产生(sheng)危险放热(re)、着火(huo)或短路的电池(chi)芯和(he)电池(chi)禁(jin)止空运(如因安全(quan)原因被制(zhi)造(zao)商召(zhao)回)。
7除非始发国(guo)和经营人所在国(guo)主(zhu)管当局批准,废旧(jiu)锂电池(chi)和回收(shou)或(huo)销毁的锂电池(chi)禁止空运。
8批量生产之前的(de)(de)原型锂电池或(huo)电池芯(xin),当出于试验目的(de)(de)予(yu)以运(yun)输时或(huo)低产量(即年度生产量不超过100个)的(de)(de)锂电池芯(xin)或(huo)电池,没(mei)有经(jing)过UN38.3测(ce)试的(de)(de),如果经(jing)始发国有关当局的(de)(de)批准(zhun)并且满(man)足P910要(yao)求的(de)(de),可仅限货机运(yun)输。
聚海国际锂电池空(kong)运合作航空(kong)公司:
1.香港空运(yun):KA 港龙航(hang)空,CK 东(dong)方航(hang)空,MU 东(dong)方航(hang)空,CI 中华航(hang)空公司。
2.美加(jia)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)运:OZ 韩亚航(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),CZ 南方航(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),PO 美国(guo)博(bo)立航(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),NH 全(quan)日(ri)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)航(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),UA 美国(guo)联合航(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),MU 东方航(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),CA 中国(guo)国(guo)际航(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),UPS ,Fedex KE 大韩航(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),QF AC 加(jia)拿大航(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),DL 美国(guo)达(da)美航(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),AA 美国(guo)航(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),SQ 新加(jia)坡航(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)。
3.东南(nan)亚空(kong)(kong)(kong)运出口:D7 亚洲航空(kong)(kong)(kong),CZ 南(nan)方航空(kong)(kong)(kong),MU 东方航空(kong)(kong)(kong),FM 上海航空(kong)(kong)(kong),TG 泰国航空(kong)(kong)(kong),VN 胡志明航空(kong)(kong)(kong),HX 香港航空(kong)(kong)(kong), UPS。
4.非洲空(kong)运:SQ 新加(jia)坡航空(kong),EY 阿联酋水晶(jing)航空(kong),EK 阿联酋航空(kong)。
5.中东印(yin)巴空(kong)(kong)(kong)运主力航空(kong)(kong)(kong)公司(si):EY 阿联(lian)酋水晶航空(kong)(kong)(kong),QR 卡(ka)塔尔航空(kong)(kong)(kong),TK 土(tu)耳(er)其航空(kong)(kong)(kong),TG 泰国航空(kong)(kong)(kong),SV 沙(sha)特航空(kong)(kong)(kong),SQ新(xin)加坡(po)航空(kong)(kong)(kong),UL斯里兰卡(ka)航空(kong)(kong)(kong),AI 印(yin)度航空(kong)(kong)(kong),MU 东方航空(kong)(kong)(kong)。
6.欧洲空(kong)运:OZ 韩(han)亚航空(kong),CZ 南方(fang)航空(kong),RU 大(da)桥航空(kong) NH 全日空(kong)航空(kong) KL 荷兰航空(kong) MU 东(dong)方(fang)航空(kong),SU 俄(e)罗斯航空(kong),UPS。
7.日(ri)韩空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)运:日(ri)本(ben) - JAL 日(ri)本(ben)航(hang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),ANA 全(quan)日(ri)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),NCA 日(ri)本(ben)货(huo)物航(hang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),MU东(dong)方(fang)航(hang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),CK中(zhong)(zhong)货(huo)航(hang),CA中(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)国(guo)际航(hang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),FX联(lian)邦快(kuai)递(di)航(hang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),UPS 。韩国(guo) - KE 大韩航(hang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),OZ 韩亚航(hang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),MU东(dong)方(fang)航(hang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),CK中(zhong)(zhong)货(huo)航(hang)。
注意(yi)事项:
锂电池(chi)的航(hang)(hang)(hang)空(kong)运输(shu)需要满足国(guo)际(ji)民(min)航(hang)(hang)(hang)组织(ICAO)的制定的各项规则,遵守国(guo)际(ji)民(min)航(hang)(hang)(hang)组织及国(guo)际(ji)航(hang)(hang)(hang)空(kong)运输(shu)协会IATA 公布的 <危险品航(hang)(hang)(hang)空(kong)安全(quan)运输(shu)技术细则> DGR IATA 58th Edition,任何状态下存在缺陷(xian)或(huo)破损的锂电池(chi)禁止(zhi)航(hang)(hang)(hang)空(kong)运输(shu)。
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